BIR Autumn 2024: Measuring Steel’s Carbon Footprint

The Bureau of International Recycling (BIR)

The Bureau of International Recycling (BIR) Ferrous Division meeting in Singapore highlighted the ongoing debate over measuring and reducing carbon emissions in steel production. Industry experts discussed the challenges and varying standards in assessing the carbon footprint of steelmaking processes.

Recycled Steel and Certification Standards
Adina Renee Adler from the Global Steel Climate Council (GSCC) emphasized that steel produced using recycled content in electric arc furnaces (EAF) demonstrates the lowest carbon footprint. While the GSCC’s methodology promotes transparency in measuring carbon emissions, concerns were raised about other certification standards. Adler criticized ResponsibleSteel for allowing blast furnace producers to adopt a “sliding scale” for certification, potentially undermining the advantages of recycled steel. Notable certifications were highlighted, including Steel Dynamics Inc. achieving GSCC certification and United States Steel Corp.’s Big River Steel unit receiving ResponsibleSteel certification for their substantial use of recycled content.

The Green Debate and Economic Incentives
Patrick Davison from EMR Ltd. cautioned against the misuse of the term “green” by various manufacturers, urging for clarity in definitions and practices. He and others, including George Adams, CEO of SA Recycling, stressed that while recycling remains the most effective way to reduce carbon emissions, some blast furnace operators may prioritize economic benefits over emission reduction strategies. Adams pointed out Cleveland-Cliffs’ preference for ore-based production due to its economic advantages.

Strong Global Scrap Demand
Despite challenges in the recycled steel sector, global demand for scrap remains robust. Reports indicate increases in scrap consumption from major markets, including China, Turkey, and India, reflecting a continued reliance on recycled materials for steel production. Adler reassured attendees that there is no imminent scrap shortage and encouraged the recycling industry to enhance product quality and transparency regarding emissions.

Encouraging Recycled Content in Steel Production
Adler urged support for the GSCC standard to acknowledge the benefits of recycled-content steelmaking, calling for collaboration to clearly define what constitutes “green” steel and promote the advantages of recycling.

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