Nuclear Energy: Essential for the Green Transition or Too Costly?

Debate Over Nuclear Energy’s Role in Achieving Net-Zero Emissions

Germany’s closure of its last three nuclear reactors in 2023 marked the end of six decades of reliance on nuclear power, reigniting discussions about its role in the green transition. While groups like Greenpeace welcomed the move, others, including Fatih Birol of the International Energy Agency and climate activist Greta Thunberg, warned that abandoning nuclear energy could increase dependence on fossil fuels and hinder climate goals.

Common Ground: Nuclear Energy as a Key Player in the Green Transition

Despite differing perspectives, nuclear energy experts Michele Governatori of Ecco and Myrto Tripathi of Voices of Nuclear NGOs agree on several critical points regarding its role in a low-carbon future.

Nuclear Energy Supports Net-Zero Goals

Both experts emphasize that nuclear power is essential to reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. As a carbon-free energy source during operation, nuclear power helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decarbonize global energy systems. “Any technology that provides energy without climate damage is welcomed,” said Governatori.

Nuclear Energy is Not Renewable

Although nuclear power reduces emissions, it is not a renewable energy source as it relies on uranium, a finite resource. However, Tripathi highlights the potential of breeder reactors, which could use nuclear waste as fuel, making nuclear energy more sustainable in the future.

Energy Policy Should Be Driven by Economics, Not Politics

Both experts stress that energy policy should be based on economic feasibility and technological advancements rather than political agendas. They advocate for carbon taxes to reflect the hidden environmental costs of fossil fuels, which often make them appear cheaper than cleaner alternatives.

Points of Disagreement: Costs and Viability of Nuclear Energy

Can Renewables Replace Fossil Fuels?

Tripathi argues that wind and solar can never fully replace fossil fuels, while Governatori is more optimistic. “Renewable technologies are advancing faster than expected, and prices are falling,” Governatori said, noting that wind and solar already outproduce nuclear power in many regions.

Is Nuclear Energy a Viable Backup for Renewables?

Governatori contends that nuclear energy is not a cost-effective backup for renewables due to its high capital costs and the need for constant operation. “Running a nuclear plant just to cover for low wind or solar periods doesn’t make sense financially,” he explained.

In contrast, Tripathi maintains that despite high upfront costs, nuclear power can reduce electricity prices in the long run and increase energy independence for European nations.

Conclusion: The Nuclear Energy Dilemma

The debate over nuclear power’s role in the green transition remains complex. While nuclear energy helps lower carbon emissions, its high costs, reliance on finite resources, and waste management challenges make it a divisive issue. As countries push toward net-zero emissions, balancing nuclear power with renewables will continue to be a critical energy policy challenge.