NIST Develops Machine Learning Tool to Detect Lithium-Ion Battery Fires in Recycling Plants

Early Detection of Lithium-Ion Battery Fires Using Sound
Researchers at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed an innovative technique to detect the early signs of lithium-ion battery fires, a significant safety breakthrough for recycling facilities. The team, led by Wai Cheong “Andy” Tam and Anthony Putorti, identified a unique sound produced when a lithium-ion battery’s safety valve breaks just before it ignites.

A Dangerous but Invisible Threat in Recycling
Lithium-ion batteries, commonly found in discarded electronics, pose a significant fire hazard in recycling and material recovery facilities. Due to their tendency to fail without visible smoke or warning signs, these batteries can quickly escalate into dangerous fires that are difficult to prevent. NIST’s research aims to address this issue by detecting the subtle noises emitted when a battery begins to fail.

Machine Learning Trained to Recognize Battery Failure Sounds
The NIST team, collaborating with Xi’an University of Science and Technology in China, used over 1,000 modified audio samples of recorded battery explosions to train a machine learning algorithm. The software successfully learned to distinguish the sound of a breaking safety valve from other common noises in the environment. Using a camera-mounted microphone, the system was able to detect the onset of battery overheating with 94% accuracy, a crucial step toward preventing fires before they start.

Next Steps for Fire Prevention in Recycling Facilities
While this detection method holds promise, further research is required to integrate it into existing fire suppression systems at recycling facilities. The ultimate goal is to create a proactive approach to lithium-ion battery safety, allowing operators to respond before a fire can spread. This advancement could significantly improve safety standards in industries dealing with large quantities of electronic waste and metal recycling.