Tuberculosis Emerges as the Deadliest Infectious Disease in 2023

Global Toll of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) has regained its status as the world’s deadliest infectious disease, with an estimated 1.25 million deaths reported in 2023. According to new data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of individuals newly diagnosed with TB rose to 10.8 million, marking an increase from 10.1 million in 2020.

High-Risk Regions and Populations
Five countries—India (26%), Indonesia (10%), China and the Philippines (6.8% each), and Pakistan (6.3%)—accounted for 56% of new TB cases in 2023. The most affected regions included Southeast Asia (45%), Africa (24%), and the Western Pacific (17%). Dr. Tereza Kasaeva, leading the WHO’s global TB program, emphasized that TB is prevalent worldwide.

Challenges in Containment Efforts
Despite the availability of new vaccines and treatments, Kasaeva warned that the world is “off track” in efforts to eliminate TB. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has set ambitious targets for 2027, but only 48% of newly diagnosed individuals received rapid tests last year. Furthermore, access to preventive treatments for high-risk groups remains inadequate.

The Drug-Resistant Crisis
The rise of drug-resistant TB poses a significant public health challenge. In 2023, around 400,000 cases of multi-drug-resistant TB were reported, but only 44% of these patients received timely diagnosis and treatment. Kasaeva stressed that the threat of drug-resistant TB continues to escalate.

Funding Shortfalls Hinder Progress
The UNGA has targeted $22 billion for TB prevention and care; however, only $5.7 billion was allocated last year, falling short by 26%. Research funding is also lacking, with a goal of $5 billion but only $1 billion secured in 2022. Kasaeva noted that global funding for TB prevention has decreased, particularly impacting low- and middle-income countries.

Hope for Future Vaccines
Encouragingly, there are six vaccine candidates in late-stage clinical trials. Kasaeva expressed optimism that at least one will be available soon, highlighting the need for preparations to ensure effective distribution in high-burden areas.