Price Methodology

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Price Methodology

and Price Assessment Standards
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Specialty Metals  ·  Superalloys  ·  Stainless Steel  ·  Scrap
Version 1.0 Effective May 2026 Last Reviewed April 2026 Public Document
SUPERMETALPRICE LIMITED
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1. Purpose and Scope

This document describes the methodology used by Super Metal Price (“SMP”) to assess, report, and publish price information for specialty metals, superalloys, stainless steel, and related scrap materials.

The purpose of SMP price reporting is to provide independent, transparent, and representative market reference prices that enable buyers, traders, recyclers, alloy producers, and other specialty-metals market participants to make sound decisions.

This methodology applies to all price assessments and price reports published by SMP, including the weekly Price Reporting series, price-trend charts, moving-average calculations, and related market commentary.

1.1 Basic Principles

  1. Independence: SMP’s price assessments are conducted independently of any commercial interest. SMP does not trade the metals it covers, and editorial decisions are not influenced by advertising, sponsorship, or subscription revenue.
  2. Transparency: This methodology is published publicly. When material changes are made to the methodology, SMP notifies subscribers in advance and documents the changes in the Methodology Change Log in Section 12.
  3. Representativeness: Price assessments are designed to reflect the prevailing value at which a given material could actually be traded in the relevant market at the time of assessment.
  4. Consistency: SMP applies this methodology consistently across all price assessments. Where market conditions require a departure from standard procedures, the reasons are documented in the relevant price report.
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2. Metal and Alloy Coverage

SMP currently publishes weekly price reports for the following metal groups and specific grades. Coverage is expanded periodically based on subscriber demand and market liquidity.

Note: Grades marked with an asterisk (*) throughout this section are in the process of being added to coverage. The current reporting status of these grades can be confirmed on the latest Price News page.

2.1 Base Metals

GradeCommon Name / SeriesPrincipal Applications
NiAlloys, coins, batteries
CuHeat pipes, heat-exchange catalysts, cookware, cartridge cases, copper wire, copper sheet, electrical & electronic products, bronze statues
FeAutomotive bodies, building frames, ships, railways, computer chassis, armored vehicles
AlHigh-voltage power lines, aluminum cans, cookware, aircraft, bicycle components and frames, power cables, building facades, window frames
PdAutomotive exhaust tuning, jewelry, dental materials, connectors, switches, relays, electrical-contact plating, electrodes, semiconductors, hydrogen-storage alloys, fusion electrodes and catalysts, dental crowns
SnSolder, tableware, ornaments, large heavy-duty bearings, superconducting wire, glass colorants, glass strengthening agents, LCD panels
IrHigh-temperature compound semiconductors, electrical contacts, chemical catalysts, OLED phosphors, thermocouples, fountain-pen nibs
RuThick-film resistors, electrical contacts, chemical catalysts, hard disk drives, turbine-blade coatings, semiconductor devices, transistors, plating
PbLead-acid batteries, X-ray radiation shielding panels, cable sheathing, chemical-equipment tank lining, fishing sinkers
ZnGalvanized steel sheet, Zamak die-cast parts, alkaline batteries, marine sacrificial anodes
AgElectrical contacts (switches, relays), PCB conductive paste, RF connectors
AuSemiconductor bonding wire, electronic-connector plating, IC package contacts
PtAutomotive catalytic converters, petrochemical catalysts, Pt-Rh thermocouples
RhAutomotive exhaust catalysts, Pt-Rh thermocouples, electrical-contact plating

2.2 Special Metals

25 grades
GradeCommon Name / SeriesPrincipal Applications
CrSurface protection, decorative plating, stainless steel
MoDesulfurization processes, lubricants, pigments, spacecraft components, motors, catalysts
Mo (Air)Desulfurization processes, lubricants, pigments, spacecraft components, motors, catalysts
Mo (Ox)Transition-metal oxides (TMO), OLEDs, organic solar cells, perovskite solar cells, catalysts, gas sensors, smart windows
Nb (Vac)Welding rods, pipes, superconducting magnets, steel additives, automotive bodies, oil pipelines, high-temperature superalloys, combustion equipment, implants
CoLithium-ion batteries, alloys
WHard materials, alloys and steels, filaments, welding electrodes, electrical contacts, X-ray generator targets
TiBicycle frames, aircraft frames, implants, ship components, heat exchangers, heating and cooling units, submarine components
TaAcid-resistant equipment, molds and dies, vacuum and radar tubes, vacuum-tube electrodes, capacitors, resistors, condensers
ReCombustion chambers, turbine blades, jet engines and exhaust nozzles, catalysts, thermocouples, electrical contacts
Zr (Hf)Nuclear reactors, space shuttles, nuclear-fuel cladding, spacecraft combustion chambers, spacecraft wings, engines, heavy-water reactor pressure tubes, bicycle frames, filaments, artificial joints, surgical instruments
VTools, springs, missiles, jet engines, automotive axles, crankshafts, bicycle frames, gears, high-speed cutting tools
HfNuclear-submarine control rods, gas-turbine blades, plasma-cutting electrodes, insulators, blue lasers for DVD readers, optical coatings, filaments, electrodes
InLCD TVs, laptop LCD displays, junction transistors, semiconductors, gaskets, CPU soldering, conductive adhesives, cryogenic devices, bearings
BiLow-melting-point alloys (fuses, safety plugs), lead-free solder, medicinal bismuth compounds
CdNi-Cd rechargeable batteries, CdTe solar cells, electroplated coatings
GaGaN LEDs, GaAs semiconductors, high-frequency semiconductor devices
GeOptical-fiber cores, infrared lenses, high-speed semiconductor devices
C (Graphite)Lithium-ion battery anode material, electrodes (EDM, electric arc furnace), high-temperature refractories (crucibles)
LiLithium-ion batteries, lithium-metal batteries, aluminum-alloy additive
MgLightweight alloys (automotive/aerospace parts), die-cast parts, steelmaking deoxidizer
MnSteel-alloy additive, Zn-MnO2 batteries, aluminum-alloy additive
SeCdSe/CdTe photoelectric devices, glass decolorizer, semiconductor photoelectric devices
SiSemiconductor wafers, solar cells, silicone rubber and sealants, aluminum-alloy additive
TeCdTe solar cells, Bi-Te thermoelectric devices, steel/copper alloy additive

2.3 Rare Earths

GradeCommon Name / SeriesPrincipal Applications
Ce (Cerium)Automotive exhaust catalysts, glass polishing agent
Dy (Dysprosium)NdFeB permanent-magnet additive
Er (Erbium)Optical-fiber amplifiers (EDFA), fiber lasers
Eu (Europium)LED red phosphor
Gd (Gadolinium)MRI contrast agent
Ho (Holmium)Medical Ho:YAG lasers
La (Lanthanum)Ni-MH battery anode alloy, automotive catalytic converters
Lu (Lutetium)PET scanner scintillators (LSO crystal)
Mm (Mischmetal)Lighter flints (ferrocerium)
Nd (Neodymium)NdFeB permanent magnets
Pr (Praseodymium)NdFeB permanent-magnet additive
Sm (Samarium)SmCo permanent magnets
Tb (Terbium)LED green phosphor, NdFeB magnet additive
Y (Yttrium)YAG laser crystals, LED phosphors (YAG:Ce), YSZ ceramics
Yb (Ytterbium)Fiber lasers

2.4 Base Alloys

GradeCommon Name / SeriesPrincipal Applications
70/30 BrassUNS C26000 ASTM B36/B36M, B134, B135Marine Seawater condenser tubes, seawater heat-exchanger tubes, marine piping fittings
90/10 CupronickelUNS C70600 ASTM B111, B151, B171Marine Seawater heat-exchanger tubes, ship condenser tubes, seawater piping
80/20 CupronickelUNS C71000 ASTM B111, B466, B151Marine Seawater heat-exchanger tubes, seawater piping, desalination-plant tubes
70/30 CupronickelUNS C71500 ASTM B111, B466, B151Power Power-plant condenser tubes Marine Seawater heat exchangers, seawater piping
Aluminum BronzeUNS C95400 ASTM B148Marine Seawater valves, pump impellers, ship propellers
Ni-Al BronzeUNS C63000 ASTM B150Marine Ship propellers, marine valves, pump impellers
Beryllium CopperUNS C17200 ASTM B196, B197Electronics Electrical contacts, springs, non-sparking tools
Nickel SilverUNS C75200 ASTM B122Musical-instrument parts, decorative metal parts, precision machine parts

2.5 Ferro Alloys

GradeCommon Name / SeriesPrincipal Applications
Fe-Cr (LC)Ball-bearing steel, automotive-component steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, corrosion-resistant steel, gears, blower blades, cutting blades
Fe-Cr (HC)Ball-bearing steel, automotive-component steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, corrosion-resistant steel, gears, blower blades, cutting blades
Fe-MoMachine tools, military equipment, refinery tubes, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, high-speed machined parts, cold-working tools, drills, screwdrivers, drill bits
Fe-NbElectrolytic capacitors, chemical-equipment components, cladding, alloy additive, landing gear, engine components, electric motors, generators, magnetic separators
Fe-WDrills, electron microscopes, IC chips, welding electrodes, metal films, wiring, circuits, jet-engine turbine blades, rocket nozzles
Fe-TiAlloys, stainless steel, tool steel, deoxidizer, arc-welding wire, welding electrodes
FeVSteel additive, spanners, screwdrivers, automotive components, pipes, turbine blades, aircraft-engine components, vanadium redox flow batteries, boilers, pressure vessels, crankshafts, ball bearings
Fe-BAutomotive high-strength structural steel sheet (boron steel), high-strength heat-treatable component steel, spring steel, wear-resistant machine-component steel
Fe-MnRail steel, high-strength structural steel (HSLA steel), manganese-steel wear-resistant parts, structural steel for construction
Fe-SiElectrical steel sheet for transformers, motor-core steel, deoxidizer-treated cast-iron castings, cast-iron microstructure improvement material

2.6 Special Alloys

79 grades
GradeCommon Name / SeriesPrincipal Applications
Inconel 600UNS N06600 ASTM B163, B166, B167, B168, B366, B516, B517, B564, B906 SAE AMS 5665, AMS 5540, AMS 5580 ASME SB166, SB564, SB168, SB906, SB167, SB163, SB516, SB517, SB751, SB775, SB829Aerospace Exhaust liners, turbine seals, engines, airframe components, combustion-can liners Chemical Stills, condensers, heat exchangers, condensing tubes Electronics Cathode-ray tubes
Inconel 601UNS N06601 ASTM B166, B168, B775, B829, B167, B751 ASME SB166, SB168, SB167, SB751, SB775, SB829Marine Propeller shafts, fasteners Chemical Process vessels, valves, heat exchangers, boiler feedwater heaters Aerospace Turbine-engine igniters, combustion-can liners, diffuser assemblies
Inconel 617UNS N06617 ASTM B166, B168, B546 SAE AMS 5887, AMS 5888, AMS 5889 ASME SB166, SB168, SB546Aerospace Gas turbines, exhaust ducts, combustion cans, transition liners Chemical Heat exchangers, high-temperature gas pipes, high-temperature piping
Inconel 625 (VM)*UNS N06625 ASTM B166, B446, B168, B906, B443, B444, B167, B829, B517, B775, B516, B751, B704, B705, B366, B472, B564 SAE AMS 5581Aerospace Rocket-engine combustion-chamber tubes, compressor vanes, turbine seals, rocket thrust-chamber tubing, aero engines FGD Absorption towers, reheaters, flue-gas inlet baffles, fans, agitators, deflectors Chemical Piping, valves, reactors, heat exchangers, heat-exchanger tubes Marine Submarine communication cables, submarines, exhaust ducts, bellows for subsea control equipment
Inconel 625 (AM)*UNS N06625 ASTM B166, B446, B168, B906, B443, B444, B167, B829, B517, B775, B516, B751, B704, B705, B366, B472, B564 SAE AMS 5581Aerospace Rocket-engine combustion-chamber tubes, compressor vanes, turbine seals, rocket thrust-chamber tubing, aero engines FGD Absorption towers, reheaters, flue-gas inlet baffles, fans, agitators, deflectors Chemical Piping, valves, reactors, heat exchangers, heat-exchanger tubes Marine Submarine communication cables, submarines, exhaust ducts, bellows for subsea control equipment
Inconel 690UNS N06690 ASTM B166, B564, B168, B163, B167, B829 ASME SB166, SB564, SB168, SB163, SB829Chemical Steam-generator tubes, pipes, baffles, heat exchangers, steam generators Petrochemical Furnaces, reheaters, incinerators, burners, ducts Nuclear Power Steam generators, reactor core components
Inconel 713LCUNS N07713Aerospace Turbine rotor blades, turbine guides, turbine vanes, exhaust systems Power Combustor cans, transition ducts, reactor components Automotive Turbocharger rotors Oil & Gas Drilling and wellhead equipment Chemical Reactors, heat exchangers Marine Propellers and shafts
Inconel 718 (VM)*UNS N07718 ASTM B637, B670, B906, B983, F2281 SAE AMS 5662, AMS 5663, AMS 5664, AMS 5832, AMS 5914, AMS 5962, AMS 5596, AMS 5597, AMS 5589, AMS 5590 ASME SB637, SB670Aerospace Gas-turbine components, jet engines, liquid-fuel rocket motors, bolts, fasteners, shafts, blades, cases, nozzles, seals, spacers Chemical Pumps, cryogenic storage tanks, heat exchangers, reaction vessels Automotive Turbocharger rotors, exhaust manifolds, valves Oil & Gas Downhole tools, valves, wellhead components, well lines, instrumentation
Inconel 718 (AM)*UNS N07718 ASTM B637, B670, B906, B983, F2281 SAE AMS 5662, AMS 5663, AMS 5664, AMS 5832, AMS 5914, AMS 5962, AMS 5596, AMS 5597, AMS 5589, AMS 5590 ASME SB637, SB670Aerospace Gas-turbine components, jet engines, liquid-fuel rocket motors, bolts, fasteners, shafts, blades, cases, nozzles, seals, spacers Chemical Pumps, cryogenic storage tanks, heat exchangers, reaction vessels Automotive Turbocharger rotors, exhaust manifolds, valves Oil & Gas Downhole tools, valves, wellhead components, well lines, instrumentation
Inconel 718+UNS N07818Aerospace Fasteners, blades, aircraft-engine disks, gas-turbine engine components, turbine casings, combustors
Inconel 722UNS N07722 ASTM B637, B670 ASME SB564Aerospace Airframes, cases, flanges, turbine blades Oil & Gas Drills, downhole tools Chemical Reactors, heat exchangers, piping
Inconel 738LCUNS N07738 ASTM A494 SAE AMS 5390, AMS 5391Aerospace Compressors, turbine and exhaust-system rings, casings, combustors, turbine blades, high-temperature fasteners Petrochemical Reactors, heat exchangers, reaction vessels, piping
Inconel X-750UNS N07750 ASTM B637 SAE AMS 5667-5671, AMS 5747, AMS 5542, AMS 5598, AMS 5699 ASME SB637Aerospace High-temperature springs, bolts, gas-turbine blades, rocket engines, high-pressure vessels, gas turbines, rotor blades, rotor wheels
Inconel 783UNS R30783Aerospace Turbine seals, turbine cases, turbine rings, compressors, combustors, turbine blades, afterburner components Chemical Heat exchangers, reactor vessels, piping Automotive Turbine wheels, turbocharger housings
Inconel 792UNS N07792Aerospace Gas-turbine components, combustion chambers, exhaust systems, turbine blades, heat-resistant pipes, jet nozzles Petrochemical Chemical-processing plants, refineries, offshore platforms Power Turbine blades, heat exchangers, boiler components Automotive Exhaust systems, turbocharger components
Incoloy 939UNS N06939 SAE AMS 5389, AMS 5939Aerospace Jet-engine fan blades, gas-turbine blades, exhaust-system components Oil & Gas Downhole tools, valves, pump impellers
Incoloy 800UNS N08800 ASTM B163, B407, B154, B515, B409, A240, A480, B408, B564 ASME SB163, SB407, SB515, SB751, SA240, SA480, SB408Power Heat exchangers, superheaters, steam generators, reactor components, thermocouple protection tubes Chemical Pipe elbows, pollution-control equipment, fossil-fuel transport pipes, pickling equipment
Incoloy 825UNS N08825 ASTM B425, B564, B424, B906, B163, B423, B704, B705, B751, B775, B829 ASME SB425, SB564, SB424, SB906, SB423, SB163, SB704, SB705, SB751, SB775, SB829Chemical Sulfuric-acid piping, tank vessels, phosphoric-acid evaporators, pickling tanks Oil & Gas Oil and gas production facilities, pipes for the oil and gas industry
Incoloy 925UNS N09925 ASTM B805, B637, B872, B983Oil & Gas Fasteners, flange shafts, high-pressure valves, piping Marine Marine fasteners, pump shafts
Incoloy 901UNS N09901 SAE AMS 5660Aerospace Engine blades, exhaust ducts, turbine-engine disks, shafts Automotive Turbocharger housings Medical Implants
Incoloy 907/909UNS N19907 (907), N19909 (909) ASTM B408 (907)Aerospace Gas turbines, turbine disks, turbine blades, combustion-chamber casings, steam-turbine bolts Marine Drilling equipment, seawater desalination plants, submarine hulls Power Turbine blades, boiler tubes, heat exchangers Chemical Reactors, heat exchangers, piping
Hastelloy B(2)UNS N10665 ASTM B333, B335, B622, B619, B626, B564Oil & Gas Chemical reactors, degassing equipment, fasteners, flange shafts, high-pressure valves, piping Marine Freshwater tanks, marine fasteners, pump shafts
Hastelloy C4UNS N06455 ASTM B575, B574, B617, B622Environmental Flue-gas desulfurization plants, piping, absorbers, blowers, agitators, heat exchangers Chemical Heat exchangers, piping, measurement probes, centrifuges Power Piping, heat exchangers, gate valves, nuclear-fuel processors, reactor components, fuel-gas filters
Hastelloy C22UNS N06022 ASTM B619, B622, B626, B575, B574, B462, B564 ASME SB619, SB622, SB575, SB906, SB574Chemical Chemical reactors, heat exchangers Pharmaceutical Tanks, pipes, valves Petrochemical Petrochemical plants Gas Gas-desulfurization systems Medical Implants, surgical instruments, dental instruments
Hastelloy C276*UNS N10276 ASTM B462, B574, B564, B575, B906, B622, B829, B626, B751, B619, B775 ASME SB574, SB564, SB575, SB906, SB622, SB829, SB626, SB751, SB619, SB775Aerospace Aircraft exhaust systems, turbine-engine components Chemical Reactors, heat exchangers, piping Oil & Gas Refining equipment Power Desulfurization equipment, turbine exhaust systems
Hastelloy G3UNS N06985 ASTM B581, B582, B619, B622, B626 ASME SB582, B619, B622, B626Oil & Gas Oil-well pipes, evaporators Nuclear Nuclear-fuel tanks, nuclear-fuel reprocessing equipment, pickling equipment
Hastelloy G30UNS N06030 ASTM B582, B472, B622, B462 ASME SB582, SB581, SB622, SB366, SB462Gas & Oil Oil-well pipes, evaporators Nuclear Nuclear-fuel tanks, nuclear-fuel reprocessing equipment, pickling equipment
Hastelloy SUNS N06635 ASTM B619, B622Chemical Heat exchangers, reactors, piping, condensers Aerospace Jet-engine exhaust pipes, turbine blades, vanes Marine Seawater desalination plants Power Gas turbines, boilers
Hastelloy XUNS N06002 ASTM B572, B435, B622, B626 ASME SB572, SB435, SB622, SB626, SB619Aerospace Combustor cans, transition ducts, afterburner components, rocket-engine components Petrochemical Furnace baffles
Haynes 214UNS N07214 ASTM B435, B581, B582 SAE AMS 5542, 5861, 5732Aerospace Exhaust systems, afterburners, rocket-motor cases Chemical Reactors, piping systems, heat exchangers Power Steam-turbine components, boiler tubes
Haynes 230UNS N06230 ASTM B572, B619, B622, B626, B564 AMS AMS 5878, AMS 5891 ASME SB572, SB622, SB619, SB626, SB564Aerospace Fuel cans, transition ducts, flame holders, thermocouple covers Chemical Thermocouple protection tubes, heat exchangers, ducts, high-temperature bellows
Haynes 242UNS N10242 ASTM B434, B573, B572, B622, B619, B626, B564 ASME SB434, SB573, SB622, SB619, SB626, SB564Aerospace Seals, duct segments, casings, fasteners, rocket nozzles, pumps
Hy-Mu 80UNS N14080 ASTM A753, A596Electronics Magnetic sensors, current sensors
Nimonic 100UNS N13100Aerospace Turbine blades, disks, rings, shafts, fasteners Chemical & Petrochemical Chemical reactors, petroleum-refining equipment, chemical sensors Nuclear Fuel tubes
Nimonic 105UNS N13021Aerospace Turbine blades, disks, rings, shafts, fasteners Chemical & Petrochemical Chemical reactors, petroleum-refining equipment, chemical sensors Nuclear Fuel tubes
Nimonic 115UNS N07115Aerospace Turbine blades, exhaust nozzles, jet engines, turbochargers Petrochemical Pumps, valves Power Steam-turbine rotors, heat exchangers, gas turbines
Nimonic 75UNS N06075Aerospace Turbine blades, aerospace fasteners Chemical Heat exchangers, reactors Automotive Exhaust valves, turbochargers Petrochemical Valves, fittings
Nimonic 80AUNS N07080 ASTM B637Aerospace Turbine blades, disks, rings, aerospace bolts Marine Exhaust pipes Automotive Exhaust valves Nuclear Boiler-tube supports
Nimonic 90UNS N07090 SAE AMS 5829Aerospace Turbine blades, disks, rings Nuclear Fuel tubes Petrochemical Chemical reactors, petroleum-refining equipment, chemical sensors
Nimonic C263UNS N07263 SAE AMS 5872, AMS 5886Aerospace Turbine blades, exhaust nozzles, jet engines, turbochargers Petrochemical Pumps, valves Power Steam-turbine rotors, heat exchangers, gas turbines
PWA 1426Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine-engine fans, airfoils
PWA 1480Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine-engine fans, airfoils
PWA 1484Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine-engine fans, airfoils
PWA 1487Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine-engine fans, airfoils
Rene 41UNS N07041 SAE AMS 5545, AMS 5712, AMS 5713, AMS 5800Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine wheels, combustion-chamber liners, springs, fasteners, turbine casings
Rene 77UNS N07777Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine wheels, combustion-chamber liners, springs, fasteners, turbine casings
Rene 80Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine wheels, combustion-chamber liners, springs, fasteners, turbine casings
Rene 125UNS N12125Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine wheels, combustion-chamber liners, springs, fasteners, turbine casings
Rene 142UNS N07042Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine wheels, combustion-chamber liners, springs, fasteners, turbine casings
Rene 220UNS N07220Aerospace Turbine blades, turbine wheels, combustion-chamber liners, springs, fasteners, turbine casings
Rene N4Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, airfoils
Rene N5Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, airfoils
Rene N6Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, airfoils
Udimet 500UNS N07500 ASTM B637 SAE AMS 5751, AMS 5753, AMS 5384Aerospace Aircraft blades, gas-turbine blades, combustion-chamber liners Chemical Pressure vessels, heat exchangers
Udimet 520ASTM B637Aerospace Aircraft blades, gas-turbine blades, turbine wheels, combustion-chamber liners Chemical Pressure vessels, heat exchangers
Udimet 700UNS N07700 SAE AMS 5662, AMS 5663Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, combustion-chamber liners Chemical Heat exchangers, pressure vessels
Udimet 710ASTM B637Aerospace Aircraft, gas turbines, turbine blades Chemical Heat exchangers
WaspaloyUNS N07001 ASTM B637 SAE AMS 5544, AMS 5704, AMS 5706-5708, AMS 5828Aerospace Aircraft engines, heat-exchanger components, gas turbines, aircraft wings, combustion tubes, turbine disks, rotor disks, shafts, spacers, seals, rings, cases
Monel 400*UNS N04400 ASTM B164, B564, B127, B165, B725, B163, B730, B751, B829, B775 SAE AMS 4730, AMS 4731, AMS 4544, AMS 4574 ASME SB164, SB564, SB127, SB163, SB165, SB725, SB730, SB751, SB775, SB829Marine Feedwater and steam-generator tubes, brine heaters, seawater scrubbers, seawater valves, pump shafts, fishing wire, freshwater tanks Refining Crude-oil transfer pipes Chemical Heat exchangers, boiler feeders
Monel K-500UNS N05500 ASTM B865 SAE AMS 4676Marine Fasteners, springs Chemical Pumps, valve components
Maraging 250UNS K92890 SAE AMS 6512, AMS 6520, AMS 6501Aerospace Missiles, rocket-motor cases, aircraft landing gear, pressure vessels, fasteners, shafts
Maraging 350UNS K93160 SAE AMS 6512, AMS 6514, AMS 6515Aerospace Missiles, rocket-motor cases, aircraft landing gear, pressure vessels, fasteners, shafts
Mar-M247Aerospace Combustors, turbine-engine components, turbine blades, vanes, rotors, disks, turbocharger wheels, turbopump turbine nozzles, turbopump impellers
GTD 111Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, aircraft engines, gas-turbine nozzles, vanes, turbine buckets
GTD 222Aerospace Aircraft engines, turbine-engine components, gas-turbine nozzles, gas-turbine blades, vanes
CMSX-2Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, airfoils
CMSX-3Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, airfoils
CMSX-4Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, airfoils
F-75UNS R30075 ASTM F75Medical Implants (dental, orthopedic) Aerospace Aircraft, gas-turbine blades, fuel nozzles, vanes
FSX 414ASTM A567 SAE AMS 5382, AMS 5537, AMS 5759, AMS 5789Aerospace Gas-turbine nozzles, turbine blades, high-pressure compressor disks, turbine disks, aircraft jet engines, vanes, engine nozzles
FSX 430Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, vanes
HS 6UNS R30006, R30106, W73006, W73036 SAE AMS 5788, AMS 5387Aerospace Turbine blades, steam-turbine bearings Chemical Pumps, chemical-processing equipment accessories Petroleum Drill bits, drilling equipment, pumps Automotive Engine components, turbochargers Medical Hip-joint prostheses, dental prosthetics
HS 6BUNS R30016 SAE AMS 5894Aerospace High-temperature bearings, fan blades, steam turbines Petroleum Needle valves, pump plungers, steam-erosion shields
HS 21UNS R30021, W73041, W73021 SAE AMS 5819, AMS 5385Medical Implants (orthopedic, dental), surgical equipment Aerospace Jet-engine combustion/exhaust-system components, turbine blades, vanes, molds and dies
HS 25 (L605)UNS R30605 ASTM F90 SAE AMS 5759, AMS 5537, AMS 5796Aerospace Turbine blades, afterburner components, turbine rings Medical Implants
HS 31 (X40)UNS R30031 ASTM A732 SAE AMS 5382Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, vanes, gas turbines, turbochargers, bearings Medical Prosthetics (orthopedic, dental)
HS 188UNS R30188 SAE AMS 5608, AMS 5772, AMS 5801Aerospace Combustors, flame holders, liners, transition ducts
X-45ASTM A567Aerospace Aerojet engines, turbochargers, turbine blades, guide vanes, bearings, housings Medical Medical devices
ECY 768Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, vanes

2.7 Stainless

42 grades
GradeCommon Name / SeriesPrincipal Applications
13-8MoUNS S13800 ASTM A564, A693, A705 SAE AMS 5629, AMS 5864 ASME SA564, SA693, SA705Aerospace Landing gear, fittings, hydraulic assemblies, fasteners, valves Oil & Gas Packers, downhole tools, valves Chemical Pumps, valves, pressure vessels, heat exchangers Automotive Valves, fasteners, fittings, shafts Marine Shafts, desalination equipment
15-5PHUNS S15500 ASTM A564, A705 SAE AMS 5659, AMS 5862, AMS 5826Aerospace Engine components, structural components, landing gear Power Gas-turbine engine components, valves, shafts
17-4PHUNS S17400 ASTM A693, A564 SAE AMS 5622, AMS 5642, AMS 5643, AMS 5604 ASME SA693, SA484, SA564Marine Foils, shafts, impellers Aerospace Turbine blades, pressure vessels, aircraft, engine components Chemical Storage tanks, pipelines, reactors Oil & Gas Wellhead valves Medical Artificial joints, surgical instruments
2205 DuplexUNS S32205 ASTM A276, A240, A790, A928, A270, A789, A815 ASME SA276, SA479, SA240, SA790, SA789, SA815Marine Deep-sea subsea structures, pipelines, seawater desalination facilities Chemical Pressure vessels, high-pressure storage tanks, high-pressure pipelines Oil & Gas Oilfield piping
2507 DuplexUNS S32750 ASTM A276, A240, A790, A789, A182 ASME SA240, SA276, SA479, SA182Chemical Chemical-process pressure vessels, piping, heat exchangers Marine Desalination equipment, deep-sea subsea structures, pipelines Oil & Gas Oilfield piping Power Nuclear-power-plant water-treatment equipment, seawater desalination equipment
304UNS S30400 ASTM A276, 276M, A240, A240M SAE AMS 5501, AMS 5513, AMS 5639, AMS 5560, AMS 5565-5567, AMS 5697 ASME SA182, SA194, SA213, SA240, SA249, SA312Medical Surgical instruments, implants Construction Exterior-wall cladding, railings, door handles Chemical Storage tanks, pipelines Automotive Exhaust components Food Cookware, cooking utensils, food-processing equipment
304LUNS S30403 ASTM A276, A182, A213, A240, A249, A269, A270, A312, A314 SAE AMS 5639, AMS 5647, AMS 5501, AMS 5511, AMS 5513, AMS 5560, AMS 5565-5567, AMS 5569, AMS 5575Medical Surgical instruments, implants Construction Exterior-wall cladding, railings, door handles Chemical Storage tanks, pipelines Automotive Exhaust components Food Cookware, cooking utensils, food-processing equipment
309UNS S30900 ASTM A240, A276, A312, A479 SAE AMS 5523 ASME SA240, SA479, SA312Chemical Incinerators, rotary kilns, calcining furnaces, heat exchangers Petroleum Catalyst-recovery filters Power Pulverized-coal burners Aerospace Aircraft and jet-engine components Automotive Boiler baffles, automotive exhaust components
309SUNS S30908 ASTM A240, A276, A479Chemical Incinerators, rotary kilns, calcining furnaces, heat exchangers Petroleum Catalyst-recovery filters Power Tube hangers for petroleum-refining and steam boilers, pulverized-coal burners Aerospace Aircraft and jet-engine components Automotive Boiler baffles, automotive exhaust components
310UNS S31000 ASTM A167, A480 SAE AMS 5521 ASME SA240Chemical Heat exchangers, heat-treatment equipment Petroleum Tube hangers for petroleum-refining and steam boilers, coal-gasifier internals, catalyst-recovery equipment, regenerators, catalytic converters Power Coal-gasifier internals, pulverized-coal burners
310SUNS S31008 ASTM A240, A480, A276, A479 SAE AMS 5521 ASME SA240Chemical Heat exchangers, heat-treatment equipment Petroleum Tube hangers for petroleum-refining and steam boilers, coal-gasifier internals, catalyst-recovery systems, regenerators, catalytic converters Power Coal-gasifier internals, pulverized-coal burners
316UNS S31600 ASTM A240, A666 SAE AMS 5524 ASME SA240Chemical Heat exchangers, pressure vessels, chemical vessels, valves and pumps Marine Ship components, offshore structures Medical Surgical instruments, implants
316LUNS S31603 ASTM A240, A666 SAE AMS 5507 ASME SA240Chemical Heat exchangers, pressure vessels, chemical vessels, valves and pumps Marine Ship components, offshore structures Medical Surgical instruments, implants
317UNS S31700 ASTM A276, A479, A240, A182, A580, A312, A358, A269, A249, A213Petrochemical Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment, valve cages, safety barriers, piping
330UNS N08330 ASTM B511, B512, B536, B535, B546, B710, B739 SAE AMS 5716, AMS 5592, J405, J412 ASME SB511, SB512, SB535, SB536, SB710, SB739Petrochemical Heat exchangers, furnace components Heat Treatment Heat-treatment furnace vessels, high-temperature fans Power Boiler equipment, gas-turbine components
904LUNS S08904, N08904 ASTM A240, A213, A269, A312, B625 ASME SA240, SB625Chemical Piping, heat exchangers Oil & Gas Offshore process equipment Marine Condensers, piping Air Scrubbers for coal-fired power Power Desulfurization equipment, absorption towers, internals
Al 6XNUNS N08367 ASTM A479, B691, A240, AB688, A312, A249, B675, B676, A182, B462 ASME SB691, SA240, SB688, SA358, SA409, SB675, SA813, SA814, SA312, SA249, SA688, SB676, SB690, SB462, SB366, SB564, SB804Chemical Chemical-process tanks, pipelines Marine Seawater heat exchangers, seawater desalination equipment, pumps Petroleum Offshore oil and gas production equipment Pulp Pulp-bleaching plant washers, press rolls, pipelines
A 286UNS S62286 ASTM A638 SAE AMS 5726, AMS 5731, AMS 5734-5737, AMS 5838, AMS 5895, AMS 5525, AMS 5858Aerospace Jet-engine components, fasteners, springs Automotive High-temperature afterburner components, tanks, piping, pumps, heat exchangers, turbochargers
254SMOUNS S31254 ASTM A276, A479, A249, A269, A312, A358, A409, A182, A473 ASME S31254, SA182, SA276, SA479, SA240, SA312Marine Seawater cooling units, cooling-water pipes, fire-protection systems, seawater-treatment equipment Chemical Tanks, pipelines, heat exchangers
Alnico 1Electronics Magnetic switches, magnetic sensors, relays, temperature and pressure controllers, magnetic separators, lifting magnets Electrical Electric motors, microphones, generators, speakers Automotive Lighters, odometers
Alnico 2Electronics Magnetic switches, magnetic sensors, relays, temperature and pressure controllers, magnetic separators, lifting magnets
Alnico 3Electronics Magnetic switches, magnetic sensors, relays, temperature and pressure controllers, magnetic separators, lifting magnets Electrical Electric motors, microphones, generators, speakers Automotive Lighters, odometers
Alnico 4Electronics Magnetic switches, magnetic sensors, relays, temperature and pressure controllers, magnetic separators, lifting magnets Electrical Electric motors, microphones, generators, speakers Automotive Lighters, odometers
Alnico 5Electronics Magnetic switches, magnetic sensors, relays, temperature and pressure controllers, magnetic separators, lifting magnets Electrical Electric motors, microphones, generators, speakers Automotive Lighters, odometers
Invar 36UNS K93600, K93603 ASTM F1684, B753, B603, B388Medical Thermostats, measuring equipment, laser components, MRI Electrical Power supplies Electronics Satellite and missile electronic-control frames, semiconductor lead frames, microwave materials, MLCC substrate material Chemical Storage vessels, piping, bimetals, bimetallic thermostats Optics Mirrors, lenses Nuclear Weapons Fuel cladding, control-rod drive mechanisms
Invar 42UNS K94100 ASTM F30, F1684, A162, B127, B582, B575, B168, B443, B463, B626, B536, F29Electronics Electron tubes, transformer and capacitor bushings, semiconductor lead frames, CRT electron guns, microelectronics, thermostat rods, electronic covering, HVT lines Aerospace Tooling for aerospace composites Electrical Bimetallic thermostats, electrical transformers, precision condenser units
KovarUNS K94610 ASTM F15 SAE AMS 7726, AMS 7728, AMS 7727Electrical Igniters, magnetrons, transistors, relays, integrated circuits, cathode-ray tubes, vacuum tubes Electronics Semiconductor components, electronic-product sealing, bonding materials, high-energy emission tubes, transistor leads, IC lead frames, photographic flash valves
Na22HChemical Furnace components, sintering and calcining muffles, calciner components, radiant tubes, pyrolysis coils Electrical Roller hearths, furnace beam supports
Super Na22HChemical Furnace components, sintering and calcining muffles, calciner components, radiant tubes, pyrolysis coils Electrical Roller hearths, furnace beam supports
MO-RE 1Aerospace Space-reactor core heating tubes Chemical High-temperature furnace heaters, high-temperature thermocouples
MO-RE 2Aerospace Space-reactor core heating tubes Chemical High-temperature furnace heaters, high-temperature thermocouples
Nichrome (80-20)UNS N06003 ASTM B344 SAE AMS 5676Electrical Resistance wire, toasters, electric kettles, heaters, ovens, irons Medical Dental prosthetics
Ni-Resist 1UNS F41000 ASTM A436, A439, A439MMarine Pumps, valves, diesel-engine manifolds, bolts, nuts Chemical Blowers, compressors, condenser components, cryogenic equipment, furnace components, piping, pots and kettles, pump casings and impellers Electrical Mechanical seals, meter components, non-magnetic housings, pole-line hardware, pump cases, resistance grids, turbine components Petroleum Water-flood pumps, gas compressors, petroleum-fluid pumps Pulp Dryer rolls, grids, Fourdrinier castings
Ni-Resist 2UNS F41002 ASTM A436, A439, A439MMarine Pumps, valves, diesel-engine manifolds, bolts, nuts Chemical Blowers, compressors, condenser components, cryogenic equipment, furnace components, piping, pots and kettles, pump casings and impellers Electrical Mechanical seals, meter components, non-magnetic housings, pole-line hardware, pump cases, resistance grids, turbine components Petroleum Water-flood pumps, gas compressors, petroleum-fluid pumps Pulp Dryer rolls, grids, Fourdrinier castings
Ni-Resist 3UNS F41004 ASTM A436, A439, A439MMarine Pumps, valves, diesel-engine manifolds, bolts, nuts Chemical Blowers, compressors, condenser components, cryogenic equipment, furnace components, piping, pots and kettles, pump casings and impellers Electrical Mechanical seals, meter components, non-magnetic housings, pole-line hardware, pump cases, resistance grids, turbine components Petroleum Water-flood pumps, gas compressors, petroleum-fluid pumps Pulp Dryer rolls, grids, Fourdrinier castings
Ni-Resist 4UNS F41005 ASTM A436, A439, A439MMarine Pumps, valves, diesel-engine manifolds, bolts, nuts Chemical Blowers, compressors, condenser components, cryogenic equipment, furnace components, piping, pots and kettles, pump casings and impellers Electrical Mechanical seals, meter components, non-magnetic housings, pole-line hardware, pump cases, resistance grids, turbine components Petroleum Water-flood pumps, gas compressors, petroleum-fluid pumps Pulp Dryer rolls, grids, Fourdrinier castings
Ni-Resist 5UNS F41006Marine Pumps, valves, diesel-engine manifolds, bolts, nuts Chemical Blowers, compressors, condenser components, cryogenic equipment, furnace components, piping, pots and kettles, pump casings and impellers Electrical Mechanical seals, meter components, non-magnetic housings, pole-line hardware, pump cases, resistance grids, turbine components Petroleum Water-flood pumps, gas compressors, petroleum-fluid pumps Pulp Dryer rolls, grids, Fourdrinier castings
SuperthermPetrochemical Heat-treatment furnaces, cement kilns, furnace tubes, refinery-furnace tubes
N-155UNS R30155 SAE AMS 5769, AMS 5768, AMS 5794, AMS 5795, AMS 5532Aerospace Tail cones and tail pipes, exhaust manifolds, combustion chambers, afterburners, turbine blades, bolts
35Ni25CrNbASTM A297Petrochemical Pyrolysis coils, reformer tubes, furnace tubes, cracking-furnace tubes
45Ni35CrNbPetrochemical Pyrolysis coils, reformer tubes, furnace tubes, cracking-furnace tubes
50Ni50CrNbUNS R20501 ASTM SA560 ASME SA560Petrochemical Petrochemical pipe supports, hangers, furnace components, superheater and reheater piping

2.8 Titanium Alloys

50 grades
GradeCommon Name / SeriesPrincipal Applications
Ti CP Gr.1UNS R50250 ASTM B265, B348, F67 SAE AMS 4940 ASME SB265, SB337, SB348Aerospace Aircraft components, rocket engines, spacecraft bodies, landing-gear components, engine casings, propellers Chemical Heat exchangers, pipelines Marine Desalination units, piping, ship components Power Condensers Medical Surgical implants, prosthetics, artificial joints, needles, eyeglass frames, suture clips
Ti CP Gr.2UNS R50400 ASTM B348, B265, F67, F1341, B381, B367 SAE AMS 4902 ASME SB265, SB348Medical Medical needles, dental and orthopedic instruments, eyeglass frames, suture equipment, implants (dental and orthopedic) Chemical Heat exchangers, pipelines, reactors Aerospace Aircraft components, rocket engines, spacecraft bodies, bellows, airframe structures, gaskets
Ti CP Gr.2HUNS R50400 ASTM B348, B265, B338Marine Seawater piping, valve components Chemical Heat-exchanger tubes, chemical tanks
Ti CP Gr.3UNS R50550 ASTM B348, B265, B338, F67, F467, F468 SAE AMS 4900 ASME SB265, SB348Aerospace Aircraft components, rocket engines, spacecraft bodies, bellows, airframe structures, gaskets Medical Surgical instruments, implants Gas Reactors, pressure vessels, piping, heat exchangers, liners Chemical Heat exchangers, pipelines
Ti CP Gr.4UNS R50700 ASTM B348, B265, F67, F1341, B381, B367 SAE AMS 4921, AMS 4901 ASME SB265, SB348Medical Medical needles, dental and orthopedic instruments, eyeglass frames, suture equipment, implants (dental and orthopedic) Chemical Heat exchangers, pipelines, reactors Aerospace Aircraft components, rocket engines, spacecraft bodies, bellows, airframe structures, gaskets
Ti Gr.5 (6Al4V)*UNS R56400 ASTM B265, B348, B381, B861, B862, B338 SAE AMS 4928, AMS 4920, AMS 4911, AMS 4906, AMS 4905, AMS 4954, AMS 4935, AMS 4934, AMS 4930, AMS 4967, AMS 5540 ASME SB265, SB348, SB381, SB861, SB862, SB338Aerospace Gas-turbine blades, disks, rings, fasteners, cases, hubs, aero-engine fans Chemical Cryogenic vessels, storage tanks
Ti Gr.6UNS R54520 ASTM B265, B348, B381 ASME SB265, SB348, SB381Aerospace Aircraft-engine high-temperature structural components, compressor cases, ring structural members, high-temperature forgings Marine Low-temperature-toughness structural components, welded structures
Ti Gr.7 (Pd)UNS R52400 ASTM B265, B348, B381, B861, B862, B338 ASME SB265, SB348, SB381, SB861, SB862, SB338Chemical Heat exchangers, pipelines, cryogenic vessels, storage tanks, bolts, fasteners
Ti Gr.9UNS R56320 ASTM B348, B338Aerospace Aircraft hydraulic tubing
Ti Gr.11 (Pd)UNS R52250 ASTM B265, B348, B381, B861, B862, B338 ASME SB265, SB348, SB381, SB861, SB862, SB338Chemical Heat exchangers, cryogenic vessels, ducts, pumps, valves, fittings Medical Implants Oil & Gas Pipelines
Ti Gr.12 (Ni)UNS R53400 ASTM B265, B337, B338, B348, B381, B861, B862, B363 ASME SB265, SB338, SB861, SB862, SB348, SB363Power Nuclear power plants, evaporators Chemical Pressure vessels, pumps, valves, heat exchangers, pipes, fittings Marine Ship components, pumps, valves Aerospace Aircraft components, rocket engines, gaskets
Ti Gr.13UNS R53413 ASTM B265, B348Chemical Chemical tanks, heat-exchanger components, seawater piping
Ti Gr.14UNS R53414 ASTM B265, B348Marine Seawater piping Chemical Chemical-plant equipment, heat-exchanger components
Ti Gr.15UNS R53415 ASTM B265, B348Chemical Acid tanks, chemical-plant heat-exchanger tubes, corrosive-service piping
Ti Gr.16 (Pd)UNS R52402 ASTM B265, B348, B367, B381 ASME SB265Chemical Pressure vessels, pumps, valves, heat exchangers, pipes, fittings
Ti Gr.17UNS R52252 ASTM B265, B348 ASME SB265, SB348Chemical Seawater heat exchangers, chloride-environment piping, reactor linings, high-corrosion-resistance long-service equipment, chemical-plant devices
Ti Gr.18UNS R56322 ASTM B338, B265Aerospace Aircraft hydraulic tubing, aircraft tubing
Ti Gr.19 (Beta-C)UNS R58640 ASTM B348, B363, B265 SAE AMS 4981, AMS 4956, AMS 4957, AMS 4958, AMS 4976 ASME SB348, SB265Aerospace Springs, fasteners, aircraft landing gear Oil & Gas Oil and gas tubing Automotive Fasteners, springs
Ti Gr.20UNS R58645Chemical Highly corrosive reactors, acid/chloride tanks, high-corrosion-resistance piping systems, process equipment for corrosive environments, storage vessels
Ti Gr.21UNS R58210 ASTM B348, B381Aerospace Airframe structural frames, landing-gear components, high-load bolts and fasteners, aerospace structural forgings, high-strength connectors
Ti Gr.23 (ELI)*UNS R56401 ASTM B265, B348, B381, B338, B861, B862, B863 SAE AMS 2631, AMS 4930, AMS 6932, AMS 4907, AMS 4931, AMS 4956 ASME SB265, SB348, SB381, SB338, SB861, SB862, SB863Medical Orthopedic pins and screws, orthopedic cables, orthotic devices, medical devices, artificial joints, implants
Ti Gr.24UNS R56405Aerospace Structural brackets, high-strength fastening components, landing-gear secondary structural members, high-strength lightweight frame components, test structural members
Ti Gr.25UNS R56403Aerospace High-strength bolts/nuts, fasteners, structural joints, high-stress machine components, frame-joining structural members
Ti Gr.26UNS R52404Aerospace Landing-gear structural components, high-load frames, support structural members, high-strength forged structural members, power-transmission components
Ti Gr.27UNS R52254Aerospace Fatigue-load structural members, airframe frame reinforcements, brackets, high-stress machine structural components, durability components
Ti Gr.28UNS R56323Aerospace Lightweight structural frames, internal structural reinforcements, fittings, high-strength lightweight structural components, test materials
Ti Gr.29UNS R56404Aerospace Aircraft structural bolts/fasteners, fastening-system components, high-strength fastening components, corrosion-resistant high-stress structural members
Ti Gr.30UNS R53530Aerospace Structural frames, landing-gear secondary structural members, high-fatigue machine structural components, high-strength test materials
Ti Gr.31UNS R53532Aerospace High-load structural brackets, frame-connection components, high-stress forged structural members, durability machine components
Ti Gr.32UNS R55111Aerospace Lightweight structural components, airframe internal frames, high-strength lightweight structural members, machine-frame components
Ti Gr.33UNS R53442Aerospace Fatigue-resistant structural members, airframe reinforcements, high-stress structural components, durability test materials
Ti Gr.34UNS R53445Aerospace Structural frames, airframe brackets, high-strength structural components, mechanical load-bearing members
Ti Gr.35UNS R56340Aerospace High-strength structural frames, landing-gear secondary components, high-stress structural members, test components
Ti Gr.36UNS R58450Aerospace Beta-Ti structural components, high-load frames, high-strength machine structural members, durability components
Ti Gr.37UNS R52815Aerospace Fatigue-load structural components, brackets, high-strength structural members, test materials
Ti Gr.38UNS R54250Aerospace Landing-gear structural members, high-load frames, high-strength forgings, machine structural members
Ti Gr.39UNS R53390Aerospace Lightweight high-strength structural frames, internal structural members, high-stress structural components, test materials
Ti Gr.40Aerospace Structural frames, high-load brackets, high-strength machine structural members, test and development materials
Ti-6Al-7NbUNS R56700 ASTM F1295Medical Human implants (hip joint, knee joint), dental implants, orthopedic fixation devices, surgical precision structural components, in-body insertion devices
Ti-10V-2Fe-3AlUNS R56410 SAE AMS 4983, AMS 4984, AMS 4986, AMS 4987Aerospace Landing-gear structural components, high-load frames, forged structural members, high-strength bolts, load-bearing structural components
Ti 6-2-4-2UNS R54620 SAE AMS 4919, AMS 4975, AMS 4976Aerospace Airframes, gas-turbine engines, afterburner cans, hot-air-blower components, engine components, disks, impellers, turbines, jet-engine compressors
Ti-5Al-2Sn-4Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti-17)UNS R58650 SAE AMS 4995Aerospace Engine disks, shafts, compressor rotor structural components, high-stress rotating structural members, high-strength forgings
Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (6246)UNS R56260 SAE AMS 4981Aerospace High-temperature turbine disks, engine rotating structural members, high-temperature creep-resistant structural components, long-duration high-temperature rotating bodies
Ti 6-2-2-2-2UNS R56222Aerospace Aircraft components Marine Hulls, offshore structures, seawater valves Medical Implants (orthopedic and dental)
Ti-8-1-1UNS R54810 SAE AMS 4915, AMS 4916, AMS 4933, AMS 4955, AMS 4973Aerospace Brackets, fittings, compressor cases, disks, aircraft engines, compressor blades Chemical Reactors, tanks, piping Medical Implants, surgical instruments
Ti-5.8Al-4Sn-3.5Zr-0.7Nb-0.5Mo-0.35Si-0.06C (834)Aerospace High-temperature compressor disks, engine rotor structural members, high-creep-resistance rotating bodies, high-temperature structural forgings
Ti-6Al-2.7Sn-4Zr-0.4Mo-0.45Si (1100)Aerospace High-temperature turbine blades, disks, engine high-temperature structural components, thermal-fatigue-resistant rotating components, high-temperature load-bearing structural members
Ti-15MoUNS R58150 ASTM F2066Medical Implants, orthodontic appliances, artificial joints
Ti 15-3-3-3UNS R58153 SAE AMS 4914Aerospace Fasteners, tank components, tubes, landing gear, rotor blades Chemical Pressure vessels, pipes Sports Golf clubs, bicycle frames Automotive Suspension springs, exhaust components Medical Eyeglass frames
Ti-15ZrMedical Implants
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3. Data Collection

3.1 Sources

SMP collects price data and market information from a worldwide network of market participants. Sources include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Producers and melters/smelters: Primary and secondary producers of nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, titanium alloys, stainless steel, and rare earths.
  2. Traders and distributors: Independent traders, stockholders, and service centers handling specialty metals.
  3. Recyclers and scrap processors: Companies involved in the collection, processing, and trading of specialty-metals scrap.
  4. End users and buyers: Aerospace, medical-device, energy, chemical-processing, and other downstream manufacturers.
  5. Industry associations and exchanges: Public exchange prices (e.g., LME nickel, LME cobalt) are used as reference benchmarks and are incorporated into the basis of SMP’s specialty-alloy price assessments.

3.2 Collection Methods

  1. Direct communication with market participants (telephone, email, messaging).
  2. Monitoring of published offer prices, bid outcomes, and contract negotiations.
  3. Review of exchange settlement prices and published surcharge tables.
  4. Cross-checking against public trade data, customs statistics, and industry reports.
  5. Attendance at industry events, conferences, and trade shows (e.g., BIR, ITA, ReMA).

3.3 Confidentiality

SMP treats all price submissions and market information received from individual sources as strictly confidential. No published report discloses individual company names, transaction details, or source identities. All data is aggregated and anonymized before publication.

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4. Price Assessment Procedure

4.1 Assessment Basis

SMP’s price assessments aim to reflect the prevailing market value of each covered metal or alloy grade at the time of assessment. An assessed price represents the price at which a transaction could reasonably be expected to be concluded between a willing buyer and a willing seller under normal market conditions.

4.2 Price Types

Price TypeDefinition
Spot / Market PriceThe price applicable to immediate or short-term delivery (generally within 30 days) based on current market conditions.
Indicative Offer PriceAn offer price published or communicated by a producer, trader, or distributor, which does not necessarily represent a completed transaction.
Transaction PriceA price confirmed as a completed transaction between a buyer and a seller.
Reference / Derived PriceA price derived or calculated from raw-material costs, exchange prices, and alloy surcharges when direct transaction data is limited.

4.3 Delivery and Pricing Basis

Unless otherwise stated in an individual price report, the following default pricing bases apply:

TermDefinition
Ex-worksPrice at the production site or warehouse, excluding freight and insurance.
CIFPrice including freight and insurance to the buyer’s designated port.
FOBPrice for delivery on board at the seller’s designated port.
DeliveredPrice including freight to the buyer’s facility.
In-warehousePrice for material available for immediate supply from stock at a distributor or service-center location.

4.4 Currency and Units

  1. Unless otherwise stated, all prices are published in U.S. dollars (USD).
  2. The unit of measure may vary by metal group and is specified in each report; the standard unit is price per kilogram ($/kg).
  3. Prices collected in other currencies are converted using the prevailing interbank exchange rate at the time of assessment.

4.5 Reporting Period and Frequency

  1. Weekly reports: Published every week, covering the Monday-to-Friday assessment period shown in each report header (e.g., “April 13, 2026 – April 17, 2026”).
  2. Price-trend charts and moving averages can be viewed optionally within the system and are presented as 7-week, 30-week, and 90-week moving averages.
  3. Where a significant market event requires an immediate price reassessment, an additional interim report may be published.
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5. Data Validation and Quality Control

5.1 Validation Steps

Every data point passes through the following validation procedure before being included in a published price assessment:

  • Step 1 — Source Verification: Confirm that the source of the data is a genuine market participant directly engaged in the production, trading, processing, or consumption of the relevant metal or alloy.
  • Step 2 — Data Consistency Check: Compare the submitted price against the previous week’s assessment, the 30-week moving average, and data collected concurrently from other sources. Data points deviating by more than 10% from the moving average are flagged for further investigation.
  • Step 3 — Cross-Verification: Check the submitted price against relevant raw-material input costs (e.g., LME nickel, LME cobalt, ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, titanium sponge) to confirm that the reported alloy price is consistent with the underlying cost structure.
  • Step 4 — Outlier Handling: Data points that cannot be validated through Steps 2 and 3 are excluded from the assessment. The reason for exclusion is documented internally.
  • Step 5 — Editorial Review: The final assessed price is reviewed by the editorial team before publication. This review confirms that the assessment range is internally consistent and supported by the available data.

5.2 Minimum Data Requirements

To publish a price assessment, SMP requires a minimum of two independent data points obtained from different market participants. Where this minimum requirement is not met for a given grade in a given week, SMP will take one of the following actions:

  1. Publish the previous week’s assessment with a note indicating that new data was insufficient; or
  2. Suspend the price assessment for that grade until sufficient data is available.

5.3 Low-Liquidity Market Conditions

Some specialty-alloy grades trade rarely or in small volumes. Under low-liquidity market conditions, SMP may supplement direct transaction data with the following:

  1. Indicative offer prices from producers and traders.
  2. Cost-based reference-price calculations using raw-material input prices.
  3. A wider assessment price range to reflect market uncertainty.

Where low-liquidity market conditions apply, this is stated in the relevant price report.

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6. Price Report Structure

Each weekly price report follows a standardized structure to ensure consistency and usability.

SectionContent
HeaderMetal group, alloy grade, reporting period (Monday–Friday dates).
IntroductionBrief alloy description, principal applications, main alloying elements.
Price AssessmentAssessed price range (low–high), midpoint, unit ($/kg), delivery basis.
Price Trend ChartHistorical price chart including 7-week, 30-week, and 90-week moving averages.
Raw Material ImpactAnalysis of key input-cost movements (e.g., Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Ti sponge).
Market DirectionDirectional signal: Bullish / Bearish / Stable / Volatile.
Market CommentaryQualitative assessment of supply-demand trends, trade flows, inventory levels, and related news.
Buyer-Side InterpretationImplications for procurement strategy and purchase timing.
Supplier-Side InterpretationImplications for pricing strategy and production planning.
Related ReportsLinks to related alloy grades and metal groups.
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7. Moving Averages and Trend Calculations

SMP publishes moving averages alongside the raw price-assessment data so that users can identify the underlying trend and filter out short-term volatility.

7.1 Calculation Method

  1. 7-week moving average: The simple arithmetic mean of the assessment midpoints from the 7 most recent weekly assessments.
  2. 30-week moving average: The simple arithmetic mean of the assessment midpoints from the 30 most recent weekly assessments.
  3. 90-week moving average: The simple arithmetic mean of the assessment midpoints from the 90 most recent weekly assessments.

These indicators are provided to Market Intelligence and Sourcing Pro subscribers; as an exception, they are made publicly available during Open Beta free-access periods.

7.2 Handling of Missing Data

Where a price assessment is not published in a given week (for reasons such as holidays or insufficient data), that week is carried at the previous week’s assessed price, and the moving average is shown unchanged.

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8. Regional Coverage

SMP’s price assessments primarily reflect global market conditions for specialty metals that are traded internationally and that show limited price variation between regions. Where regional price differences exist, SMP states the applicable region in the relevant report header.

8.1 Principal Markets

  1. North America (including the United States, Canada, and Mexico).
  2. Europe (including the EU, the United Kingdom, and Türkiye).
  3. Asia (including China, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia).

8.2 Regional Adjustments

Some grades may show significant regional price differences due to tariffs, logistics costs, or regional supply-demand imbalances. In such cases, SMP may publish a separate regional price assessment or note the regional context in the Market Commentary section.

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9. Corrections and Revisions

9.1 Correction Policy

Where SMP identifies an error after a price assessment has been published, the following procedure applies:

Errors identified within 24 hours of publication: The original report is corrected directly. A correction notice describing the nature of the error and the corrected value is attached to the report.

Errors identified more than 24 hours after publication: A separate correction notice referencing the original report is published as a standalone update, and a link to that correction notice is added to the original report.

9.2 Revision Policy

Except to correct factual errors, SMP does not retroactively revise historical price assessments. A price assessment reflects market conditions at the time of assessment and is not adjusted in light of information obtained afterward.

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10. Editorial Independence and Conflicts of Interest

SMP maintains strict editorial independence. The following policies apply:

  1. SMP and its officers and employees do not trade the metals covered by SMP price reports.
  2. Price assessments are not influenced by advertising revenue, subscription revenue, sponsorship agreements, or other commercial relationships.
  3. SMP does not accept payment from any market participant in exchange for favorable price treatment or assessment outcomes.
  4. Employees involved in price assessment must disclose potential conflicts of interest. Where a conflict is identified, the employee concerned is excluded from the relevant assessment.
  5. Complaints regarding price assessments are handled by the editorial team, independently of the commercial team. The complaint-handling procedure is described in Section 11.
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11. Complaints and Feedback

SMP welcomes feedback from market participants regarding the accuracy, representativeness, and coverage of its price assessments.

11.1 How to Submit Feedback

  1. Email: [email protected]
  2. The subject line should include the relevant metal grade and reporting period (e.g., “Hastelloy G3 Price Report — Week of Apr 13–17, 2026”).

11.2 Response Procedure

  1. An initial acknowledgment of receipt is provided within two business days for all complaints and methodology inquiries.
  2. A substantive response, including any corrective action taken, is provided within ten business days.
  3. Where a complaint leads to a methodology change or a price correction, the relevant change is documented in the Methodology Change Log in Section 12 and/or in a correction notice.

11.3 Providing Price Information

Market participants wishing to contribute price data or market information to SMP’s price-assessment process may contact the editorial team at the email address above. All submissions are treated as confidential in accordance with the terms described in Section 3.3.

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12. Methodology Change Log

Material changes to this methodology are documented below. Except where a change is urgently required or unavoidable in order to maintain the accuracy or integrity of price assessments, subscribers are notified at least 14 days before a material change takes effect.

VersionDateDescription of Change
1.0May 2026Initial publication of the price methodology document.
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13. Limitations and Disclaimer

13.1 Market Limitations

Specialty-metals markets differ fundamentally from commodity exchanges. Users should be aware of the following characteristics, which affect the accuracy of price assessments:

  1. Low liquidity: Many specialty-alloy grades trade rarely. A weekly assessment may reflect only a small number of data points and may not capture every transaction occurring during the reporting period.
  2. Wide price ranges: The assessed price range (low–high) for specialty alloys is often wider than that of exchange-traded commodities. This reflects legitimate sources of variation, including quantity, form (bar, sheet, plate, wire, powder), specification stringency, certification requirements, lead time, and price differences arising from trading relationships.
  3. Scrap quality variation: Scrap prices are particularly sensitive to quality, contamination level, form (turnings vs. solids), lot size, and location. SMP’s scrap price assessments state the assumed quality standard, and actual transaction prices may differ.
  4. Regional spreads: Prices can vary significantly between regions due to tariffs, freight, regional supply-demand trends, and exchange-rate effects. Where a single global assessment is published, it represents a view weighted toward the principal trading regions.

13.2 Disclaimer

SMP’s price assessments are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute investment advice, a trading recommendation, or a solicitation to buy or sell any commodity. While SMP exercises reasonable care in collecting, validating, and publishing price data, it does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of any assessed price. Users should exercise independent judgment before making procurement, trading, or investment decisions based on SMP data and should seek professional advice where necessary.

SMP’s price assessments are proprietary content protected by copyright. Reproduction, redistribution, or use of SMP price data in derivative products requires a separate license agreement. For full terms, refer to the Terms of Use at supermetalprice.com/terms-of-use.

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For methodology inquiries, price data contributions, or feedback:

[email protected]

© 2026 SUPERMETALPRICE LIMITED. All rights reserved.  ·  Public Document