Ce

1. Introduce – Cerium does not occur in nature in its pure metallic form but is the most abundant rare earth element, coexisting with other lanthanides within complex minerals such as monazite and bastnäsite. – Typically, the extraction and purification of cerium involve advanced solvent extraction and chemical separation processes applied to these raw minerals to produce high-purity cerium oxide (CeO₂). – The resulting high-purity cerium oxide acts as a key “vitamin” for the metallurgical industry; it is used as an essential alloying element for controlling impurities such a...