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1. Introduce – Lanthanum does not occur in nature in its pure metallic form but is one of the most abundant lanthanide elements, coexisting with other rare earths within complex minerals such as monazite and bastnäsite. – Typically, the extraction and purification of lanthanum involve advanced multi-stage fractional solvent extraction and ion-exchange chromatography applied to these raw mineral concentrates to produce high-purity lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃). – The resulting high-purity lanthanum oxide serves as a critical strategic material across diverse industrial frontiers; it...